任务二：PCIe主机桥为PCIe设备分配内存空间
流程：
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枚举PCIe设备：使用操作系统提供的PCIe总线驱动程序，首先枚举（或探测）连接到主机系统上的PCIe设备。这将识别和注册每个设备，并为其分配一个唯一的设备标识符。
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识别设备和配置空间：对于每个已枚举的PCIe设备，读取其配置空间来获取设备的相关信息，例如设备ID、制造商ID、设备类、中断号等。配置空间是设备的一部分，包含用于描述设备和其资源分配的寄存器。
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分配内存空间：根据设备的需求，向设备分配内存空间。可以通过操作系统的内存管理机制进行。
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映射内存空间：将分配的内存空间映射到设备的地址空间中，以便设备可以访问该内存。
参考代码仓库：https://github.com/dbydd/arceos_experiment/tree/task3_usb
运行结果：
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d88888 d88P" "Y88b d88P Y88b
d88P888 888 888 Y88b.
d88P 888 888d888 .d8888b .d88b. 888 888 "Y888b.
d88P 888 888P" d88P" d8P Y8b 888 888 "Y88b.
d88P 888 888 888 88888888 888 888 "888
d8888888888 888 Y88b. Y8b. Y88b. .d88P Y88b d88P
d88P 888 888 "Y8888P "Y8888 "Y88888P" "Y8888P"
arch = aarch64
platform = aarch64-raspi4
target = aarch64-unknown-none-softfloat
smp = 1
build_mode = release
log_level = debug
[ 0.111216 0 axruntime:126] Logging is enabled.
[ 0.116945 0 axruntime:127] Primary CPU 0 started, dtb = 0x0.
[ 0.123891 0 axruntime:129] Found physcial memory regions:
[ 0.130578 0 axruntime:131] [PA:0x80000, PA:0x91000) .text (READ | EXECUTE | RESERVED)
[ 0.139866 0 axruntime:131] [PA:0x91000, PA:0x96000) .rodata (READ | RESERVED)
[ 0.148462 0 axruntime:131] [PA:0x96000, PA:0x9a000) .data .tdata .tbss .percpu (READ | WRITE | RESERVED)
[ 0.159402 0 axruntime:131] [PA:0x9a000, PA:0xda000) boot stack (READ | WRITE | RESERVED)
[ 0.168952 0 axruntime:131] [PA:0xda000, PA:0xff000) .bss (READ | WRITE | RESERVED)
[ 0.177982 0 axruntime:131] [PA:0x0, PA:0x1000) spintable (READ | WRITE | RESERVED)
[ 0.187012 0 axruntime:131] [PA:0xff000, PA:0xfc000000) free memory (READ | WRITE | FREE)
[ 0.196562 0 axruntime:131] [PA:0xfe201000, PA:0xfe202000) mmio (READ | WRITE | DEVICE | RESERVED)
[ 0.206894 0 axruntime:131] [PA:0xff841000, PA:0xff849000) mmio (READ | WRITE | DEVICE | RESERVED)
[ 0.217226 0 axruntime:131] [PA:0xfd500000, PA:0xfd509310) mmio (READ | WRITE | DEVICE | RESERVED)
[ 0.227558 0 axruntime:131] [PA:0xf8000000, PA:0xfc000000) mmio (READ | WRITE | DEVICE | RESERVED)
[ 0.237890 0 axruntime:149] Initialize platform devices...
[ 0.244575 0 axruntime:185] Primary CPU 0 init OK.
[ 0.250567 0 brcm_pcie::bcm2711:309] assert bridge reset
[ 0.257078 0 brcm_pcie::bcm2711:313] assert fundamental reset
[ 0.264026 0 brcm_pcie::bcm2711:319] deassert bridge reset
[ 0.270711 0 brcm_pcie::bcm2711:326] enable serdes
[ 0.276702 0 brcm_pcie::bcm2711:333] hw_rev772
[ 0.282343 0 brcm_pcie::bcm2711:339] disable and clear any pending interrupts
[ 1.290781 0 brcm_pcie::bcm2711:408] PCIe link is ready
Available commands:
exit
help
uname
ldr
str
uart
test
move
tud
arceos# tud
[ 3.236644 0 brcm_pcie::bcm2711:309] assert bridge reset
[ 3.240455 0 brcm_pcie::bcm2711:313] assert fundamental reset
[ 3.247403 0 brcm_pcie::bcm2711:319] deassert bridge reset
[ 3.254088 0 brcm_pcie::bcm2711:326] enable serdes
[ 3.260079 0 brcm_pcie::bcm2711:333] hw_rev772
[ 3.265720 0 brcm_pcie::bcm2711:339] disable and clear any pending interrupts
[ 4.274160 0 brcm_pcie::bcm2711:408] PCIe link is ready
[ 4.277714 0 axdriver:158] Initialize device drivers...
[ 4.284137 0 axdriver:159] device model: static
[ 4.290041 0 axdriver::bus::pci:144] base_vaddr:ffff0000fd500000
[ 4.297248 0 axdriver::bus::pci:155] iter 0
[ 4.302666 0 axdriver::bus::pci:160] PCI 00:01.0: 1106:3483 (class 0c.03, rev 01) Standard
[ 4.312094 0 axdriver::bus::pci:162] in!
[ 4.317250 0 axdriver::bus::pci:37] type 64
[ 4.322632 0 axdriver::bus::pci:61] BAR 0: MEM [0x600000000, 0x600001000) 64bit
[ 4.331282 0 axdriver::bus::pci:79] two ents
[ 4.336805 0 axdriver::drivers:168] vl805 found! at DeviceFunction { bus: 0, device: 1, function: 0 }
[ 4.347203 0 axdriver::drivers:171] Memory space at 0x600000000, size 4096, type Width64, prefetchable false
[ 4.358227 0 axdriver::drivers:181] status:10
[ 4.363754 0 axdriver::drivers:182] command:7
[ 4.369311 0 axdriver::bus::pci:177] registered a new XHCI device at 00:01.0: "xhci-controller"
[ 4.379209 0 axdriver:166] number of NICs: 0
[ 4.384679 0 axdriver:190] number of xhci devices: 1
[ 4.390843 0 axdriver:193] xhci device 0: "xhci-controller"
arceos#